Railway lines are composed of various railway components, and to ensure safe operation, these components must be regularly inspected and maintained. There are many types of railway components, but the main components that make up railway tracks include rails, sleepers, connecting parts, ballast, anti-creep devices, rail braces, and turnouts. As an integral engineering structure, the track is laid on the roadbed, guiding train operation and directly bearing the enormous pressure of locomotives and rolling stock and their loads. Under the dynamic action of train operation, its various components need to have sufficient strength and stability to ensure that trains run safely, smoothly, and uninterruptedly at the prescribed speed.

I-beams, long steel bars with an I-shaped cross-section, are also known as steel beams, and their English name is Universal Beam. This type of steel can be divided into ordinary I-beams and lightweight I-beams, both with an I-shaped cross-section. In addition, there is a wide-flange I-beam, also known as an H-beam, characterized by its parallel flanges and no inner slope. It is considered an economical cross-section steel and is often rolled on a four-roll universal rolling mill, hence the name "universal I-beam." Currently, both ordinary and lightweight I-beams have national standards.

Track maintenance is the work performed to ensure good track condition and enable trains to run safely, smoothly, and uninterruptedly at specified speeds. It includes track replacement and routine maintenance, involving the replacement of track components, improvement of the ballast bed, and elimination of track deformation. It adopts a condition-based maintenance model, implementing targeted maintenance by monitoring track conditions to prevent and eliminate deformation and defects caused by train dynamics, aiming to extend the service life of track components and avoid economic losses due to equipment neglect.